Skip to Main Content
The HSHSL is a part of the University of Maryland, Baltimore | My UMB The Elm UM Shuttle Blackboard
Library Logo

601 West Lombard Street
Baltimore MD 21201-1512

Reference: 410-706-7996
Circulation: 410-706-7928

Evidence Synthesis Service: Critical Appraisal of Studies

Appraising the Evidence

Evaluating the quality of evidence for outcomes reported in systematic reviews involves consideration of within-study risk of bias (methodological quality), directness of evidence, heterogeneity, precision of effect estimates and risk of publication bias.

There are numerous systems for rating evidence. Presented on this page are just a few useful resources for assessing the studies identified during your systematic search.

Choosing an Appraisal Tool

Choosing an appraisal tool can be overwhelming, particularly if your review will include multiple study designs. In these cases, you can use a different existing tool for each methodology, or create your own tool that will sufficiently assess multiple methodologies. The most important aspect of this step is to ensure some kind of evaluation of the trustworthiness of the evidence is conducted, so that you can give more weight in your synthesis to the higher quality studies.

Critical Appraisal in Covidence

If you're using Covidence for managing your systematic review, you have the option of conducting your critical appraisal within the Data Extraction section of Covidence. You can either use the default template (Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool) or choose to start from scratch and build your own.

Appraisal Tools